2018 News

Schools shouldn’t wait for red flags to address ܽƵapp mental health needs

Young child in front of gray background

Students who need mental health services rarely receive them.

by , Assistant Professor of School Psychology,

March 1, 2018

One out of every 4 or 5. will display a significant mental health problem over the course of their lifetime.

Such ܽƵapps can be identified early with considerable accuracy if educators are given the right training and tools. Unfortunately, most schools rely on reactive methods, like office discipline referrals, to figure out which ܽƵapps need behavioral and mental health services.

shows this approach of waiting until ܽƵapps act out in school is inefficient and leads to as many as 80 percent of those with mental health needs to fall through the cracks.

Such concerns have heightened in the wake of the Parkland high school massacre. News reports indicate the alleged shooter exhibited a number of troubling behaviors, raising questions about his mental health status and whether more could have been done to help him sooner.

To address the issue of ܽƵapps falling through the cracks, more schools should adopt proactive, universal .

Universal screening typically occurs three times throughout the school year: fall, winter and spring. Screeners are brief assessments that take no more than a few minutes to complete. They include approximately 20 questions and are given to each ܽƵapp in the elementary classroom. These tools ask ܽƵapps to indicate things such as “I lose my temper” or whether they are “adaptable to change.” The questions are purposefully broad and are meant to identify ܽƵapps who may be at risk for either internal problem behaviors, such as anxiety or depression, or external problem behaviors, such as aggression toward others. The screenings are scored and used to prioritize which ܽƵapps need intervention.

Screeners are typically administered without parental consent if they are embedded into the general school curriculum.

shows that screening tools can help educators identify ܽƵapps with mental health needs with far greater accuracy and speed, rather than waiting for a severe problem behavior, such as a school fight.

I one such tool – the Social, Academic and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener, or SAEBRS – with the help of several grants, including from the Institute for Educational Sciences in the U.S. Department of Education.

If society is serious about preventing severe mental and behavioral health problems, it must take a critical look at the current state of mental health supports in the nation’s schools. Doing so will bring the value of screening tools into sharper focus.

School mental health stretched thin

First, let’s consider the service provider side of the equation. The National Association of School Psychologists a ratio of 1 school psychologist for every 500-700 ܽƵapps. However, the reality is that states on average have ratios of nearly . Simply put, for comprehensive mental health services.

Second, only a small number of ܽƵapps who need mental health services . Due to the amount of time that teachers spend with ܽƵapps, teachers are the critical link to identify which ܽƵapps need help and to refer ܽƵapps to school psychologists, counselors and social workers. The question is: Do teachers know what to look for?

Silent issues overlooked

Consider a typical elementary classroom with 30 ܽƵapps. Approximately 6 ܽƵapps, on average, will have a critical mental and behavioral health problem such as anxiety or aggression, yet will receive timely intervention. Who are those ܽƵapps? Typically those that exhibit more outward types of problems, such as aggression, problems paying attention and disruptive behavior.

Students with harder-to-see issues, such as withdrawal, anxiety and social isolation and rarely receive essential services. Teachers often or tools necessary to know which ܽƵapps may need help, beyond those that are disruptive to instruction.

These screenings are not part of the process for comprehensive special education evaluations, so the concerns about schools having to offer special education services as a result of the screening do not come into play.

While screening tools can help identify troubled ܽƵapps sooner, it is important not to oversell the usefulness of these tools. To be clear, there are no research-validated tools that can reliably identify which ܽƵapps may commit violent acts.

Toward universal screening

Currently, of schools engage in some form of behavioral or mental health screening. However, more schools are adopting universal screening.

As the developer of a screening tool, I have seen rapid adoption of the tool over the last four years from two elementary schools in rural North Carolina to across 28 states. As schools consider how best to meet the behavioral and mental health needs of their ܽƵapps, screening can provide crucial information to guide the way.

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